Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus, Iran
نویسندگان
چکیده
ics of antibodies against hypodermin C in reindeer infested with the reindeer warble fly, Hypoderma tarandi. Human ophthalmomyiasis interna caused by Hypoderma tarandi, northern Canada. Abiotic factors influencing embry-onic development, egg hatching, and larval orientation in the reindeer war-ble fly, Hypoderma tarandi. Suspected lice eggs in the hair of a boy revealed dangerous parasite [in Swedish]. Andersen J. Why do male reindeer (Rangi-fer t. tarandus) have higher abundance of second and third instar larvae of Hypoderma tarandi than females? 7. Anderson JR, Nilssen AC. Trapping oes-trid parasites of reindeer: the response of Cephenemyia trompe and Hypo-derma tarandi to baited traps.Palmqvist G, et al. Reindeer warble fly larva as a cause of 3 cases of human myiasis [in Swedish]. To the Editor: Aspergillus fu-migatus causes a variety of diseases in humans. The drugs recommended for treatment of Aspergillus diseases are the mold-active azole antifungal drugs (1). However, a wide range of mutations in A. fumigatus confer azole resistance, which commonly involves modifications in the cyp51A gene (2), the target for azole antifungal drugs. Azole resistance is thought to be selected for as a result of patient therapy or exposure to azole compounds in the environment; resistance in clinical A. fumigatus isolates has been increasingly reported in several Euro-pean countries, Asia, and the United States (3–7). The most frequently reported resistance mechanism is a 34-bp tandem repeat (TR 34) in combination with a substitution at codon 98 (TR 34 /L98H) (4); this mechanism is believed to have been selected for through environmental exposure to azole fungicides. Because routine in vitro susceptibility testing of clinical Aspergil-lus isolates is not common in many centers worldwide, the prevalence of azole resistance might be underestimated. We investigated the prevalence of azole resistance in clinical A. fumig-atus isolates stored for 6 years (2003– We investigated 124 clinical A. fumigatus isolates obtained from patients with Aspergillus diseases (on-line Technical Appendix Table 1,
منابع مشابه
Determination of antifungal susceptibility patterns among the environmental isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus in Iran
BACKGROUND In recent years, triazole-resistant environmental isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus have emerged in Europe and Asia. Azole resistance has been reported in patients who are treated with long-term azole therapy or exposure of the fungus spores to the azole fungicides used in agriculture. To date, a wide range of mutations in A. fumigatus have been described conferring azole-resistance,...
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Molecular studies have shown that the majority of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus is associated with amino acid substitutions in the cyp51A gene. To obtain insight into azole resistance mutations, the cyp51A gene of 130 resistant and 76 susceptible A. fumigatus isolates was sequenced. Out of 130 azole-resistant isolates, 105 contained a tandem repeat of 34 bp in the promoter region an...
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Azoles are widely used for controlling fungal growth in both agricultural and medical settings. The target protein of azoles is CYP51, a lanosterol 14-α-demethylase involved in the biosynthesis of ergosterol. Recently, a novel azole resistance mechanism has arisen in pathogenic fungal species Aspergillus fumigatus. Resistant strains contain a 34-bp or 46-bp tandem repeat (TR) in the promoter of...
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